In industrial engineering, digital twins—computer models of systems or processes—let scientists try out ideas before finalizing designs. In addition, on the factory floor, twins can model processes in ...

A platform approach to bioprocessing uses the same set of protocols and systems found during early phase development. Scientists then transfer the protocols, by either scaling-up or scaling-out, ...

The means for achieving therapeutic goals resides in the active pharmaceutical ingredient of the drug used, and therefore there must be a manufacturing process capable of producing this valuable ...

Whether drug discovery has benefited fully from combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening methods is open to debate. But high-throughput experimentation and parallel approaches for ...

The challenges of vaccine development are not limited to identification of suitable antigens, adjuvants and delivery methods, but include regulatory, technical and manufacturing hurdles in translating ...

While Lean principles have been known and applied in a variety of manufacturing processes, the applications in product development have been slower to come. Several companies have also applied Lean to ...

Imec released an early-version process development kit (PDK) for 14nm logic chips. According to the centre, it’s the first to address the 14nm technology node. Leuven, Belgium: Nanoelectronics ...

Back in the ancient days of machine learning, before you could use large language models (LLMs) as foundations for tuned models, you essentially had to train every possible machine learning model on ...

Even before entering the entitlement and permitting process, there is a lot of work to create new housing. What follows is a brief sketch of the development process in the United States. In general, ...